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A film-shear reactor was used to significantly enhance the oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of model fuels using hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. Significant increases in the amount of sulfur removed were seen in comparison to conventionally stirred ODS reactions. For example, up to 50% desulfurization occurred in a single pass of the model fuel through the film-shear reactor at 10°C. The desulfurization...
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of cuticular materials from Agave americana and Capsicum annuum was performed for extended periods of time (72h) at 360°C meant to simulate long-term maturation of the organic matter. Both cuticular materials displayed evidence for possible oil production from the amounts of polymethylenic carbons in 13 C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The bio-oil...
The focus of this work is the experimental investigation of soot formation in coflow flames formed of two fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) by employing the light extinction/scattering technique. Three different sets of experiments were conducted in this study. In the first set, radial soot volume fraction (f v ) profiles of flames of vaporized neat canola methyl ester (B100CME) and neat soy...
As natural gas production from deep strata becomes increasingly successful in recent years, the evaluation on gas generation potential from OM (organic matter) in the deep formations is attracting increasing attention recently, especially the late gas generation potential. In this paper, a TG–MS (thermogravimetric analysis–mass spectrometry) device was applied to investigate the process and characteristics...
In this work, it is proposed the one-voltammogram simultaneous determination of methanol and ethanol in hydrated ethyl alcohol fuel (HEAF) samples by cyclic voltammetry and multivariate calibration. To perform the determination, different multivariate calibration approaches were tested namely partial least-squares regression (PLS) and multivariate linear regression (MLR). To minimize collinearity...
This paper studies the adsorption process behavior of SO 2 removal in one fluidized bed reactor which is filled with aluminum oxide catalysts. The performance of catalytic bed is analyzed experimentally and theoretically in this work. Sulfur elimination from gas is the major purpose of the handled experiments. The influence of bed height, bed width, diameter of aluminum oxide particles which...
Decarboxylation of fatty acids is a path to fuel-range hydrocarbons from renewable plant and seed oils. Pt/C is an effective hydrothermal catalyst for decarboxylating saturated fatty acids without added hydrogen, but it has shown low selectivity and activity for decarboxylating unsaturated fatty acids, which are prevalent in plant oils from soy and algae. To develop better decarboxylation catalysts,...
Fast pyrolysis is an effective means of converting solid low-energy density biomass to intermediate energy products, such as bio-oil. In this study, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the biomass fast pyrolysis processes in both the fluidized-bed and the auger reactors were conducted. The numerical results were validated by experimental data. Materials of all phases were modeled as...
In a previous study, we showed that Ni–Pd bimetallic nanocatalysts supported on fumed silica had better adsorption affinity and catalytic activity toward adsorption and post-adsorption decomposition of asphaltenes compared to the support without functionalization. In this study, the effect of oxide support types on the adsorption and subsequent steam gasification of adsorbed asphaltenes was studied...
Combustion tests have been performed in a 500kW pulverized coal furnace in order to investigate the cofiring characteristics of torrefied spruce and bituminous coal (El Cerrejon coal from Colombia). Monocombustion test cases for the coal and torrefied spruce were also performed for a comparative evaluation. Measurements performed include burn-out, gas temperature profiles and emissions characteristics...
Inorganic salts are known to inhibit the formation of gas hydrates. Here we show the duality of sodium halides of submolar concentration in affecting the formation of methane gas hydrates. Sodium halides, especially NaI, at low concentration effectively promote methane hydrate formation while they all turn to be an inhibitor at high concentration. Maximum gas consumption, growth rate and induction...
The addition of oxygenated renewable fuels, such as ethanol or ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) to standard gasoline may be necessary to comply with some environmental directives but could also prevent compliance with some fuel regulations and could also seriously change engine performance. From this point of view, the Reid Vapour Pressure (RVP), the distillation curve, the oxygen content and the density...
The present work evaluates the impact of properties of four very common bio-fuels, viz. vegetable oil (cottonseed), or its derived (methyl ester) bio-diesel, or ethanol, or n-butanol, in blends of various proportions with diesel fuel, on the combustion and exhaust emissions of a fully instrumented, six-cylinder, four-stroke, heavy-duty direct injection (HDDI), ‘Mercedes-Benz’ bus diesel engine, bearing...
In this work, the kinetics and reaction chemistry of the pyrolysis and combustion of tobacco waste were investigated. The physicochemical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis under N 2 and air atmospheres of the tobacco waste sample mainly consisting of tobacco leaves were performed. The physicochemical analysis results showed that the tobacco waste sample contains more ash and N than other...
Carbon anodes, used in Hall–Héroult electrolysis process, are subject to carboxy gasification. It is generally thought that the baked pitch of anode is more chemically reactive than coke and thus it preferentially reacts with CO 2 , resulting in premature disintegration of anode. In this study, the apparent reaction rates of anode and its constituents (coke, pitch and butt) were measured separately...
The non-edible oil from Schleichera oleosa possesses the potential as a feedstock for biodiesel production. In this study, the biodiesel production was performed using two-step transesterification process on a laboratory scale. The parameters studied were reaction temperature, molar ratio of methanol to oil, catalyst concentration, reaction time and catalysts type. An analysis of variance (ANOVA)...
This paper presents important changes in the basic fuel properties of non-tyre rubber wastes during heating from ambient to the temperature of the thermal conversion reactor. Experiments were carried out on both macroscopic and chemical processes occurring throughout the sample path. Special emphasis was put on the possible utilisation of non-tyre rubber wastes in Fluidised Bed Conversion units. The...
Thermal degradation of Shengli lignite was studied by thermogravimetry coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (TG–GC–MS) for a temperature range from room temperature to 1200°C at a heating rate of 5°C/min. The volatile products released from the lignite gradually with the programmed temperature. The main reaction of pyrolysis took place between 350°C and 800°C. Seven sub-curves were used...
A series of MnCeO x -based catalysts loaded on modified cotton biochars and commercial activated carbon were studied to investigate the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO at low temperatures. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts were investigated by a variety of characterization methods. The results indicated that the co-activated cotton biochar may be a potential material...
This short communication reports on an experimental study that is an expansion of our previous study (Jeong et al., 2014). In the present study, the coal–biomass blended char was co-gasified with H 2 O. Similar to the results of our previous study, the improvement of the blended char’s reactivity with increasing the biomass amount was observed. The volume reaction model (VRM), shrinking core...
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